Spectrum 101
The electromagnetic spectrum is a continuous range of frequencies with electric and magnetic energy moving together (i.e. radiating) through space at the speed of light. The spectrum ranges from waves of long-wavelength (low frequencies) to those of short wavelength (high frequencies).
Various components make up the electromagnetic spectrum. These include:
- Visible light
- Ultraviolet (UV) radiation
- Infra-red radiation
- X-rays
- Microwaves
The component which facilitates wireless communication is called the radio frequency spectrum.
The radiofrequency (RF) spectrum is a valuable natural and finite resource that facilitates the use of wireless technology for the development of the ICT sector, and as an enabler of businesses in other sectors of the economy. Communicating by a wireless network enables companies in various businesses, from transportation to courier services to banking, to operate in a more efficient and cost-effective manner.
The greatest demand on the spectrum resource has, in the past, come from mobile cellular communications. Since 2001, Jamaica has seen the introduction of new mobile telephone companies, Mossel Jamaica Limited (Digicel) and, Oceanic Digital Jamaica Limited (Claro). With the new focus on broadband and the delivery of data at high speeds, there is a growing demand for spectrum to facilitate these services. There is currently a high demand for mobile spectrum from new parties as well as for expansion in the case of existing providers.
Spectrum is also vital for the safety and security of the people of Jamaica. This resource is used by the Jamaica Constabulary Force, the Jamaica Defence Force, safety organizations such as Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management, Jamaica Fire Brigade, Red Cross and Citizen Band operators who play a crucial role in emergency situations.
Spectrum is also important in “mission-critical” systems such as aeronautical and marine services, as well as for the JPSCo., the local provider of electricity.
The major users of the spectrum in Jamaica are inter-alia:
- Cellular Companies
- Broadcasters
- Providers of data and voice services by fixed-wireless
- Internet service providers
- Private sector enterprises such as those involved in the banking, airline and utilities
- Government services – those who provide security, safety and emergency services
- Two-way radio operators e.g. taxi, trucking and security companies
- Private security companies involved in remote security monitoring